Saturday, December 28, 2019

Man As A Political Animal - 1293 Words

In this paper, I would argue that by describing man as a political animal, Aristotle means human beings by nature are designed to live together in a community such as state(polis) for a common purpose and activity. I will first of all examine the original phrase â€Å"zoÃ… n politikon†, which is conventionally translated from old greek as a â€Å"political animal†. Having established what these words have meant at the time of writing, it would be most appropriate to see how Aristotle himself tries to explain what he means by this expression. And finally I would move on to looking closer at the â€Å"polis† and how through the understanding of its function we can understand what Aristotle means by saying â€Å"that man is by nature a political animal† By looking at the earlier writing of Aristotle, such as the â€Å" History of Animals†, he gives clear classifications of who are animals, including man in this category, and what does it mean to be political, which would prove that my thesis is indeed true. Aristotle begins by saying :†Some are gregarious, some are solitary†¦and some partake of both characters..†. Gregarious animals are kind of social animals that â€Å"†¦ are disposed to combine for social purposes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . However then Aristotle identifies that â€Å" Man, by the way, presents a mixture of the two characters, the gregarious and the solitary† This justifies that for Aristotle, a man is a part of animal kingdom hence has some natural features that are common to some animals. Indeed, then Aristotle triesShow MoreRelatedThe Nature of Man as Political Animal Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesAristotles political theory, but it is essential to understand the principals that under line the new political theories. Aristotles politics is one of the most influential books of political philosophy. His main ideology consists in that a man is by nature a political animal because he can reason and communicate with others, therefore, has the potential to alter or change his living conditions for better because he can recognize the difference from right or wrong. Aristotle is proposing that a man withRead MoreCompare Aristotle’s Claim That Man Is a ‘Political Animal’ with Hobbe’s Claim That the State of Nature Is a State of War.1973 Words   |  8 PagesCompare Aristotle’s Claim that Man is a ‘Political Animal’ with Hobbe’s Claim that the State of Nature is a State of War. Noah Park Ever since the existence of a civilization, the fundamental question of how and why; to identify and explain the human’s nature and how man is ought to live, has been the key element in philosophical world. Many philosophers provided and made public of how they viewed this world as, and the human in it, and experimented themselves with their approaches, howeverRead MoreThe State Is The Pinnacle Of Civilization1600 Words   |  7 Pagesis one of many afforded to citizens of the state. There are many elements that make up the state laws being one of the many facets. Many would argue that the state is the pinnacle of civilization. How the state started has been debated by many political theorists more specifically Aristotle and Thomas Hobbes. At least one thousand years separates these two thinkers, but both have postulated the formation of the state and its contribution to different entities one being the relationship betweenRead MoreAristotle s View Of Politics Essay1454 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to understand what Aristotle means when he says man is a Zoon politikon it is essential to understand the concept and reasoning behind his writings of The politics as a whole. This essay intends to discuss Aristotle s view of politics through the way in which he layers the fundamental concept of hierarchy of humans and natural societies to show that man by nature works for the common good. I will also discuss the conflicting views between the works of both Aristotle and Hobbes inRead More`` Am I Blue `` By Alice Walker981 Words   |  4 PagesIn her essay, â€Å"Am I Blue,† Alice Walker argues how humans disregard the emotional similarities they share with animals. Walker incorporates in her argument the similarities between her emotions as a human, and the emotions of animals. Additionally, she presents her argument through the structure of the essay, and through her use of language. Furthermore, the overall argument of this essay is not o nly eye-opening, but also persuasive considering that it leaves the reader with a life question; whatRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell939 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Orwell says of Animal Farm, a novel subtitled A Fairy Story, that it was the first book in which he tried, with â€Å"full consciousness† of what he was doing, â€Å"to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole.† Set at Manor Farm, run by Mr. and Mrs. Jones, Animal Farm begins with a sketch of farm life from the perspective of the animals. Jones, who drinks excessively, and his nondescript wife do little to care for the animals while living off the animals’ labor. It is old Major, theRead More Animal Farm, by George Orwell Essay978 Words   |  4 Pagespiece of satire, Animal Farm. The main targets at the brunt of this political satire are the society that was created in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, and the leaders involved in it. George Orwell successfully c ondemns these targets through satirical techniques such as irony, fable, and allegory. The immediate object of attack in Orwells political satire is the society that was created in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. The events narrated in Animal Farm obviously andRead MoreAristotle s Views On Ethics1616 Words   |  7 Pagesworld, throughout time periods, and are intensely debated to this day. Following his treatise on Ethics, Aristotle turned his attention to Politics, in which he claimed, â€Å"it is evident that the state is a creation of nature, and that man is by nature a political animal;† [1] a bold statement that encompasses the whole of a species. However, Aristotle’s assertion that the state, or the Greek polis, is an inevitable progression for humanity and what all humans strive for to pursue the ‘good life’ isRead MoreAnimal Farm And Russian Revolution Essay1202 Words   |  5 PagesANIMAL FARM THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION â€Å"All Animals Are Equal But Some Are More Equal Than Others.1 At the beginning of the 19th century much of Europe viewed Russia as an undeveloped, backward society. The Russian Empire executed serfdom which is when landless peasants had to serve those who owned land. This went on quite far into the 19th century. Serfdom disappeared in most of the Europe by 1500. The Russian Revolution which took place in the year 1917 was an explosive political event that tookRead MoreAnalysis Of Jean Jacques Rousseau s Perfect Freedom Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pagesconstraints on the institution of family necessitates a clarification. Unlike Hobbes, Locke mentions that the state of nature is not a condition of humans. Alternatively, it is a moral but apolitical conjugal society that was first inhabited between man and wife, which gave rise to that between parents and children (42). They constructed a community upon a voluntary agreement to nurture their children together. Later, when Locke reiterated the right to life, liberty, and property, he was largely underscoring

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Analysis Of Kurt Vonnegut s The Monkey House

Kurt Vonnegut is known for his dark humor, wit, and imagination. He is consistently listed among the great American authors of the later twentieth century and his novel’s such as Cat’s Cradle and Slaughterhouse Five are considered modern classics. In this essay, I will focus on two of Vonnegut’s short stories â€Å"Welcome to the Monkey House† (1968) which takes place in a dystopian future where everyone is required to take pills that take all the pleasure out of sex and â€Å"Miss Temptation† (1959) which takes place in a small east coast town by looking at them through a feminist lense. Both stories come to the same ultimate conclusion that over-moralization of human sexuality is pointless and harmful but they come to this conclusion in very†¦show more content†¦When Nancy counters this with â€Å"you certainly manage to make a woman feel like an object rather than a person,† Billy’s response is â€Å"thank the pills for th at.† This moment is presented as one of the first â€Å"lessons† that Billy teaches Nancy, that the pills are bad and somehow making her less of a woman. However, what it really suggests is that a woman isn’t worth listening to if her sexuality isn’t involved. Once Nancy reaches Billy’s hideout, other women are more than happy to assist him in raping her. It is later revealed that all of these other women were also once raped by Billy but have now â€Å"they understand† and â€Å"they’re grateful.† The fact that these victims would not only be happy to assist their rapist and kidnapper but also are described as almost worshipping him seems to suggest more of a Stockholm syndrome situation instead of one where Billy has â€Å"saved† them. Billy obviously holds the power within his â€Å"gang† and these women are willing to do whatever it takes to help him rape other women. The idea that all these women needed to bec ome grateful was to be forcefully â€Å"deflowered† by Billy perpetuates the patriarchal idea that women need to be introduced (often forcefully) to their own sexuality. Instead of just letting the women stop taking their pills and then waiting for them to make their own decisions about what to do with their bodies, Billy rapes them almost as soon as theShow MoreRelatedKurt Vonnegut s Personal Experiences1599 Words   |  7 PagesTHESIS STATEMENT Kurt Vonnegut’s personal experiences of World War II and the firebombing of Dresden were important factors in determining his writing style and the political and philosophical views that it conveyed. Throughout his works, the overarching message that Vonnegut delivers is the need for love and compassion in a world where humans are helpless against an indifferent fate. PURPOSE STATEMENT Through critical analysis, historical research, and textual evidence, a study on Kurt Vonnegut’s backgroundRead MoreEpicac by Kurt Vonnegut897 Words   |  4 PagesEPICAC is a short story which is written by Kurt Vonnegut and published in his book  ¨Welcome to the Monkey House ¨ (1968). This book is a collection of short stories with different themes from war-time epics to futuristic thrillers. This story was first published before in 1950 for Colliers Weekly. Kurt Vonnegut (1992-2007) is considered one of the most influential American novelists of the twentieth century. Some of his most importantRead MoreA Feminist Analysis Of The Monkey House And Miss Temptation 1807 Words   |  8 PagesA Feminist Analysis of â€Å"Welcome to the Monkey House† and â€Å"Miss Temptation† Kurt Vonnegut is known for his dark humor, wit, and imagination. He is consistently listed among the great American authors of the later twentieth century and his novel’s such as Cat’s Cradle and Slaughterhouse Five are considered modern classics. In this essay, I will focus on two of Vonnegut’s short stories â€Å"Welcome to the Monkey House† (1968) which takes place in a dystopian future where everyone is required to take pillsRead MoreThe Mom2180 Words   |  9 Pages| |Campus: High School | |Author(s): Wilson |Date Created / Revised: 4-06-2010 | |Six Weeks Period: 6th |Grade Level Course: English III AP

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Market Development and Sales for Active Listening- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMarket Development and Sales for Active Listening. Answer: Critical thinking: Understanding the sales process Meaning of Active Listening Active listening can be termed as a process where the listener receives messages, then process them and finally respond to enhance or enable further communication. Figure: Effective Active Listening Components (Source: Armstrong et al., 2015) SIER Hierarchy of Active Listening Figure: SIER Hierarchy of Active Listening (Source: Berezhnoy et al., 2014) Sensing is the first hierarchy in the above model proposed that means active listening starts with hearing, sensing and receiving verbal as well as nonverbal aspects of the message. In this stage, much of attention and concentration is needed by the listener (Schmidt Farkas, 2016). Interpreting is the second hierarchy in the above model proposed. The scenario is after receiving the message, the sales person has the responsibility to interpret and give the idea a meaningful context. The experience, knowledge and attitude of the buyer need to positively kink with the verbal as well as non-verbal elements of the message. Evaluating is the third hierarchy in the above model proposed. Active listening properly takes place in this evaluation stage. Here, the receiver is in a position to sort fact from opinions. It is the responsibility of the receiver to evaluate the message based on its potency and weakness and how far it can be liked by the buyer or not. This particular stage takes into account both rational as well as expressive components (Homburg et al., 2017). Responding is the final stage in the hierarchy. The response help in providing feedback to the sender on how well the message was helpful and that support further communication between the two parties. Responding means enabling two-way communication that needs both the presence and contribution of buyer and receiver Key practices From SIER hierarchy model, it is now understood that how important active listening actually is in real case scenario. In order to become strong and effective listener in the sales process, it is necessary to hear the speaker first. Attempt should be made to listen 75% of time and speak 25% of time. Posture used while speaking should be show the other person that he or she is interested to start and continue with the conversation. Listening is a critical skill that needs to be understood by all adults (Santos et al., 2015). Listening is one of the tools that should be used to build or establish strong rapport during the sales process. Types of sales resistance The product selected in this category is mobile phones. The section will properly explain about objection faced by the salesperson from the customers when they just shows no interest to purchase that and how far attempts can be made to convince these types of customers. Company objection- Many customer objects by saying that they have not heard of the company of the mobile phone that are being offered by the salesperson (Bahadir, Bharadwaj Srivastava, 2015). Price is too high- One of the types of sales resistance takes place when customers object to purchase mobile phones by saying that the price is too much and they cannot afford this brand. Time or delaying- One of the types of sales resistance takes place when customers object purchase of the product by saying that they will purchase it next and delay it for some more days. By purchase of mobiles, delay is a big thing as trends and preferences are changing ach single day and if customers say they will purchase next time means that they have to look for any other new features in few days. Recommended approaches When any customers say that they have not head of the company or brand that the salesperson is talking about, then it is recommend to share facts and statistics on how reliable the mobile phones has been for other customers. It is even necessary to share the facts the buyer return rate had on the sale of mobile phones. When customers say that they cannot afford the mobile phones and need cheaper ones, then the salesperson should say and convince them that cheaper mobile phones will not be that effective and useful as compared to this one as it is worth paying this much money for its value. Facts and information should be shared about the mobile phones to the customers and even explain about the installment facility offered by the company (Arnett Wittmann, 2014). When customers say that they will come and purchase the mobile phones later, then it is recommended to inform the buyer that the next time they shop they will not get such a huge discount on these mobile phones (Johnston Marshall, 2016). The benefits need to be shared by the salesperson while making an attempt to convince the customer to purchase the mobile phone at that point of time. Reference List Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Arnett, D. B., Wittmann, C. M. (2014). Improving marketing success: The role of tacit knowledge exchange between sales and marketing.Journal of Business Research,67(3), 324-331. Bahadir, S. C., Bharadwaj, S. G., Srivastava, R. K. (2015). Marketing mix and brand sales in global markets: Examining the contingent role of country-market characteristics.Journal of International Business Studies,46(5), 596-619. Berezhnoy, V. I., Berezhnaya, E. V., Shatalova, O. I., Gerasimov, A. N., Gromov, Y. I. (2014). Systematic and subsistential analysis of the conditions of stable development of local mono-product markets.Life Science Journal,11(8), 596-599. Homburg, C., Alavi, S., Rajab, T., Wieseke, J. (2017). The contingent roles of RDsales versus RDmarketing cooperation in new-product development of business-to-business firms.International Journal of Research in Marketing,34(1), 212-230. Johnston, M. W., Marshall, G. W. (2016).Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Santos, A. R., Sales, A., Fernandes, P., Nichols, M. (2015, June). Combining challenge-based learning and scrum framework for mobile application development. InProceedings of the 2015 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education(pp. 189-194). ACM. Schmidt, C. R., Farkas, F. (2016). The Profitability Puzzle: Integrating Sales and Product Development Improves Managements Ability to Control Future Profitability.STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT,21(4), 3-11

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Mother Tongue by Amy Tan

Summary In her essay ‘Mother Tongue’, Amy Tan tries to use her personal experience to describe the importance of language in a society. In this analysis, the author compares perfect English language with ‘broken language’.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mother Tongue by Amy Tan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Using English as an example, the author attempts to explain how language is important in communications. She says â€Å"†¦language is an essential key in enabling people to understand the definition of their identities†. In addition, the author says that she realized that language allows or authorizes individuals to participate effectively as members of a society. It is worth noting that Amy Tan is fond of language. For instance, she says that she has written a number of books in English and Chinese. However, she admits that she has never been eloquent or rhetoric when her mother is present. This is the main argument the author has put forward by demonstrating the importance of language in her life. In addition, she argues that communication is difficult without a good language. In actual sense, this essay is chiefly an analysis of personal views and perceptions of language. The author attempts to describe how language should be used and how people tend to use it in their day-to-day communication. She compares â€Å"standard English language† and â€Å"broken English language†. To develop her argument, the author has set the essay in the form of a memoir. For instance, she compares her oral use of language with her written language. Tan informs her readers that the presence of her mother in one of her lecturers made her notice some differences between her oral and written language. At this point in life, the author realized that she was not using the same language she had been using when communicating with her mother. Instead, she r ealized that she has been using â€Å"broken English† when communicating with her. Therefore, she started reflecting on her childhood and the role that the mother played in helping her shape her language and communication. Reflection From this essay, one notices the manner in which Tan attempts to present her argument. It is evident that Tan is attempting to demonstrate how learning English has an impact in her and her life. The author analyzes her childhood experience. From her analysis, it is evident that circumstances frequently forced her to translate Chinese into English when communicating with other people at school or in her neighbourhood.Advertising Looking for essay on languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More She attempts to argue that it is due to her difficulties in communicating in the two languages that drove her to become a writer. It is also clear that her life as a child was difficult because she was s upposed to use Chinese at home, but change to English when at school or when with her peers. Her main ideas are good examples of the real life experience in American communities, especially where language barriers are evident. Her use of personal experience is an important literal technique because it provides some sense of evidence and reality (Tan 1). In fact, the supporting content, which is particularly drawn from her life as a Chinese child growing up and relating with English children and teachers, provides some evidence that her narrative is convincing. In addition, it is also effective in presenting her ideas. For instance, she says, â€Å"I am not an English scholar. I cannot give you anything beyond my personal points of view†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Tan 1). This statement makes the opening sentence in the essay. It seems to make the readers realize that the author will present her personal observations and experience. As such, the reader develops some interest in what the author h as experienced in her life and what such experience could affect them. Secondly, Tan has presented her ideas that are based on common issues that everyone experiences or observes in nature, especially where immigrants are trying to fit into a new social environment defined by language barriers. I tend to agree with Amy Tan for a number of reasons. First, I have seen people going through the same processes when trying to fit into new communities. Their children normally face the pressure of learning and using two languages- the â€Å"mother tongue† and the language used in the new society (Tan 3). This issue is good but challenging. It provides children with an ability to learn and apply two or more languages at a time. In fact, it is worth noting that Amy Tan is presenting her ideas at a time when the issue of cultural diversity is common in the United States. America is a home to a large number of immigrants from all over the world. Therefore, the U.S. has become a culturall y diverse society due to the presence of people from different ethnic backgrounds. In fact, the issue of Standard English versus â€Å"Broken English† is a contemporary issue, especially in schools, public places and neighbourhoods. Although people must communicate, language barrier is always a problem in most cases. Therefore, the argument by the author contributes to the issue of language barrier, which is a current topic of debate in America.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mother Tongue by Amy Tan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Tan, Amy.  Mother tongue.  PDF file. Web. This essay on Mother Tongue by Amy Tan was written and submitted by user Fa1th to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

4 Strategies to Avoid Truck Driver Burnout

4 Strategies to Avoid Truck Driver Burnout Long haul driving is hard. Period. Truck drivers are said to work 70-hour work weeks, but we all know the reality is more like 90. Compared to a normal office worker, clocking in at 40 hours a week, this is already a recipe for exhaustion. Add in the fact that off-duty time, usually spent waiting between loads or at a truck stop, requires a certain amount of vigilance and maintenance of the rig- and isn’t really down time after all. Plus the fact that the human body prefers to sleep at night, in the dark, when the body’s natural rhythm calls for it. And that, to be healthy, one needs better access to healthier food than can be found at truck stops or fast food eateries- and you’ve got a whole lot of drivers barreling down the highway towards depression, exhaustion, poor-health, and the dreaded burn out.Here are four strategies to make sure this doesn’t happen to you, whatever stage you might be at in your trucking career:1. Take vacationsYou might think yo u can’t afford the time off, even if you’ve been allotted it. But really, it’s the other way around; you can’t afford not to take the time off to rest and recharge. It will make you a safer, happier, and healthier driver. Take holidays as well! Family time is important. The normal rhythms of civilian life are too.2. Take breaksYou may get bonus points with your boss, and perhaps an extra couple of bucks, for getting there an hour sooner. But at what cost? Breaks, especially when you’re feeling even slightly fatigued, can be a game changer and a serious morale booster.3. Get regularIf at all possible, try and get on a regular route. You’ll be able to stop in the same places, build yourself a routine, and get on a more regular sleep pattern. If this isn’t possible, put yourself on the spare board on a regular, rotating basis. Falling asleep at the wheel is never worth the risk.4. Embrace the electronicNobody is particularly thrilled wit h these new electronic logs, but they may actually help level the playing field. They’ll take everyone off the road after 70 or so hours, and enforce breaks and rests. You’ll never have to worry that someone else is putting in double hours to make bank. And you can take your much-deserved break in peace.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Why Robots Might Soon Replace Truck Drivers

Why Robots Might Soon Replace Truck Drivers There are 3.5 million truck drivers in this country. But forecasts indicate that over the next 10 years, 1.7 million truck drivers might be out of a job and replaced with robots- the powers that be claim that driverless trucks would be safer and cheaper than the human-driven versions. It’s not just truckers. Analysts predict that, due to innovation in AI software and robot technology, the global workforce is in for a major change. 80 million American jobs alone are at risk in the next 10 to 20 years.The Drawbacks for the IndustryIf these predictions turn out to be accurate, then America is in danger of losing one of the last good-paying middle class jobs that does not require a college degree. Sure, other jobs would be created to maintain a driverless network- to help out with â€Å"the fleet†- but that might look like 1 human worker to every 10 driverless robots workers.It could also spur enormous demonstrations across the country. Imagine truckers ringing state capito ls with their rigs, demanding their jobs not be replaced. Particularly given the fact that driverless trucks are thought much more likely to roll out much faster than driverless taxis or other cars. In May of 2015, a self-driving truck hit the road in Nevada. And a whole convoy successfully drove across Europe using a technology called platooning, which allows trucks to connect via WiFi, GPS, and cameras with a lead vehicle setting speeds for the entire fleet.Prepare for the InevitableThe bottom line is this: the technology exists. The only thing standing in the way of a driverless trucking fleet is regulation. But given that the switch could save the industry about $168 billion annually (and could save quite a few lives), that’s only a matter of time.As Andy Stern, the former president of the Services Employees International Union, recently said to The  Guardian, this should lead to a critical discussion of wages, welfare, and employment in America- and could certainly mor e than justify an UBI, or Universal basic income. â€Å"From a business person’s perspective,† Stern says, â€Å"it’s about risk management. Do you want to ride around in an armored car and have guards with you? Do you want the Hunger Games? Or do you want a more fair and just society?†

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Storm Drainage Design Project, Hydrographs Essay

Storm Drainage Design Project, Hydrographs - Essay Example Rainfall is the input used to a watershed and the stream flow is also considered as the output of the watershed. A hydrograph also represents how a watershed reacts to rainfall. King1998, in his report said that the response of a watershed to rainfall depends on several factors which affects the shape of a hydrograph. This represents the effect of rainfall on a particular basin. This is a hypothetical response of a watershed to the input of rainfall. This will allow calculations of the response to any input(rainfall). Hydrographs are often affected by factors of soil saturation and the surroundings. The vegetation type and the steepness of the surrounding lands, with the drainage density(Stott,2005). Very dry weather, nornmally creates a crust on river beds and wet winters would increase the discharge. Sand and clay produces a flashy hydrographs but there could be a difference between the two. be used as a water source of an open channel that would supply water to nearby reservoir. The hydrograph data was used to analyze the water activity in the river after a rainstorm. The study was done for a period of 96 hours. Measurements on the height of water was done on an hourly basis. The results of which are as follows. The water level was almost constant for the first 43 hours. At the start of the 44th hour, the water level started to rise. This stage of the rise of water is called the rising limb.It reached the peak, or the highest water level on the 58th hour. As it started to fall down, it undergoes falling limb. This is when the height of water level starts to recede. The falling limb would come after the rising limb . The peak discharge is when water reaches its highest point and there is the greatest amount of water in the river. The lag time is theperiod of time that is recorded between the peak rainfall and peak discharge. Design computation of the Channel Data provided Note: Apply the the Manning's Formula to get value for Q = 0.8 m3/s breadth b, of a channel with a given value for d. n = 0.012 S = 1/2000 = 0.0005 d = 0.3 Substitute the data in the equations below: V = where: v = velocity Q = Av R = Hydraulic Radius Q = A S = slope A = bd n = Manning's coefficient R = Q = discharge Solutions: A = db = 0.3(b) Q = A R = 0.8 = 0.3b 0.8(0.012) = 0.3b 0.0285 = 0.6b = 0.3 = 1.447 = (1.447)3 = b3 3.029 = 3.029 = 3.029 (0.36 + 1.2b + b2) = 0.09b5 1.0904 + 3.6348b + 3.029b2 = 0.09b5 1.0904 + 3.6348b + 3.029b2 - 0.09b5 = 0 b = 3.5799 m. In order to get the value of the discharge in the river, the first computations will be to solve the value of depth d: From the given data v = 4.0m3/s s = 0.0005 n = 0.012, Q = Av v = v = 4.0 = 4.0(0.012) = 0.048 = 2.17 ==

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Any bisiness artical that has been new nd happened for the last few Essay

Any bisiness artical that has been new nd happened for the last few months - Essay Example All factors of production in the business, may it be, labor, capital, raw materials or enterprise works towards achieving a common goal that is set for the company, and all activities carried out within the business are supposed to lead the company towards achieving its ultimate goal (Nolan, pp.148-152). Businesses additionally are run in a systematic manner, involve various processes, and have a number of rules and regulations that must be followed by those involved in it. One can observe additionally a number of departments in every business that manages various activities, such as the marketing department, finance department, promotion and advertising department, customer care department, etc (Nolan, pp. 20-39). A number of external and internal factors, which may include inflation rates, interest rates, and the exchange rate of a country’s currency can also influence every business and various skills are required in order to run a business smoothly and successfully along w ith achieving its objectives. Recently, due to the earthquake in Japan, which was followed by a tsunami, many changes have occurred in a number of businesses in the country. In an article by Alex Taylor (2011), found on the CNN website, the author (Taylor, 2011) talks about how Japan’s auto making industry is down but not out. He states that the two natural disasters that recently occurred will surely cause various shortages in the industry, but as noted before, Japanese automakers have the power to find their way out of catastrophes successfully. The author (Taylor, 2011) further states in his article that a Toyota representative had reported that no deaths or injuries have been under notice in the Toyota parts plants and subsidiaries, but the plants have surely suffered damage. According to Alex (Taylor, 2011), Toyota plans to keep its 12 main assembly plants in the country closed until Tuesday and the company’s representative stated that this might cause Toyota to l ose 95,000 units of cars that could have been under production. Due to this, Toyota reduced acceleration of the process of production in North America in order to conserve parts (Gholz, pp. 26-30). Japan’s auto making industry (Shimokawa, pp. 56-64) is currently trying to recover and resist from coming to an end, while people in the country are busy burying the dead, rescuing and curing the living citizens and dealing with the aftermath of the great disaster. Korea’s Tong Yang Securities states that production in the industry will surely not be able to come back to normal very soon, even though security analysts are quite busy doing their job and evaluating the results of the major catastrophe. Statistics (Taylor, 2011) included in the report show that in six months after the earthquake that occurred in January 1995, â€Å"shares of Toyota, Honda, and Nissan dropped by 22%, 35%, and 40% respectively† (Taylor, 2011), and it took the companies around one month abo ve a year to recover from the massive destruction and loss caused by the earthquake. At that time, Honda and Mazda, both halted the production of their vehicles and parts for the rest of the week after the disaster, and there was a loss of production of about 36,700 vehicles a day (Taylor, 2011) globally. The author of the article (Taylor, 2011) fu

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Legal and ethical issues concerning violence in video games Term Paper

Legal and ethical issues concerning violence in video games - Term Paper Example Many cases have been put forward to ban the usage of violent video games in the United States. Strong legal measures have not been taken though a regulatory body by the video game industry has been formed. Legal and Ethical Issues Concerning Violence in Video Games Human beings have advanced from the Stone Age to an era of development and progress. Technological advancements have served to provide human beings with expansion and improvement in all fields of life which include sciences, medicine and different forms of entertainment. The scope of entertainment has widened from the outdoor games and there has been great progress in the development of indoor games. The expansion of media and its grip on today’s world can be highlighted by the strength that it has in overpowering many important decisions that an individual takes. Media affects the culture as well as living of the individuals in this society. It can affect the thinking of people by the way it portrays the different happenings in the world. Video games are an important form of the media. The wide usage and popularity of video games has greatly increased over the years and it is now widely used as a form of entertainment. The popularity of video games has been associated with different problems which include the fact that the exposure to violent video games serves to have negative effects on the people who play these games. Thus, it has also become an issue of debate owing to the fact that there have been controversies with regard to the ethical and legal issues concerning violence in video games. There has been a great surge in the number of people who use video games for their entertainment and hence the usage of video games has highly increased over the years. In the United States, it has been analyzed that children between the age group of 8 to 18 years are exposed to 40 hours out of one complete week to the various forms of media which include the video games. The popularity of video games has been highly increased amongst the younger age groups. An interesting aspect is that children who are only two years of age play video games and their exposure ranges to an average of one hour per day. Amongst the boys between the ages of 8 to 13 years, it has been analyzed that the exposure to video games is higher than 7.5 hours in seven days. The negative aspect of this issue which has been put forward by a research is that the video games that are purchased by the children are not supervised by their parents and hence the supervision of the games that are played by the children is minimal (Anderson et al 2001). Furthermore, it has been explained that the games played by almost 75 percent of the teenagers are not meant for their age groups as they provide for increased exposure and violence portrayal and are for adults (Adams, 2010). The severity of the violence exposure can be analyzed by the statistics of a research conducted in the United States which provided for the fact that the children have an exposure to 40,000 killings by various forms of media by the time they have attained the age of 18 years (Anderson 2005). Video games were brought into the market in the twentieth century and in particular after 1970. Video games were not controversial in the beginning but the invention of a new game which was referred to as "Death Race 2000" became a subject of debate. It was believed that the game was

Friday, November 15, 2019

The perspective of family systems theory

The perspective of family systems theory Family systems theory views the family from a system perspective. Therefore, the family is seen as a complex organisation where the components of the system interact with each other to form a whole. The focus is on the connectedness, interrelations and interdependence of all the parts (Family-Systems-Theory, n.d., para. 3). In other words, the focus of theories and the resultant therapeutic approaches is the relationships between sub units that make up the family. These sub units are always examined in relation to the whole and the context within which they exist. Many family system theories exist but for the purpose of our discussion, I will be focusing on the Structural Family Theory and Bowen Family System Theory. General systems theory from which family systems theory originates will also be examined within an organisational context. The structural theory posits that the emphasis should be on contextual problems and solutions rather than an individual. It focuses on family interactions to understand the structure or organization of the family. The theory consists of three major concepts namely family structure, family subsystems and boundaries. The family structure represents the operational rules that govern the way family members interact with each other (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2000, p.198). It provides an understanding of the patterns that develop over time within a family to allow it to maintain stable while existing in a changing environment (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2000). Family structure is governed by two sets of constraints; generic rule and idiosyncratic rules. Generic rules dictate the hierarchical structure of the family, which structuralists believes is a part of all well functioning families. This hierarchy is reflected in the power and authority differential between parent and children and older siblings and younger siblings. Generic rules are also seen in the different roles played by family members within the hierarchy. The roles are usually complementarity, such as the role of the husband and wife, which, results in the members working as a team to carry out the required functions of the family (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2000). Idiosyncratic or individualized constraints are specific to the family and involves the mutual presumptions of particular family members regarding their behaviour towards each other (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2000, p.199). The family sub systems are hierarchically arranged and exist to support tasks necessary for family functioning (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2000). The primary sub systems of the family are spousal, parental and sibling. The sub systems are defined by interpersonal boundaries and rules of membership which regulate the amount of contract with other subsystems (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2000, p.170). The spousal sub system is considered the most important subsystem, due to the integral role it plays in the stability and flexibility of the family. Formation of the sub system occurs when two people marry and start a new family. The stability and survival of the new unit is dependent on the ability of the couple to negotiate difference, accommodate each other and develop complementary roles, which will meet the need of each person (Becvar Becvar, 2003). The additional of a child changes the spousal subsystem into the parental sub system, with both systems coexisting simultaneously. The skills and roles necessary for the maintenance and functioning to the spousal subsystem are still used but the focus is on parenting of the child throughout the different developmental stages (Becvar Becvar, 2003). The sibling subsystem is comprised of the child or children within the family. It provides the medium within which children first experience peer relationship that helps them to work out difference and support each other. They also learn to deal with the parental subsystem as they navigate relationship changes between the subsystems throughout their development cycles (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2000). The final component of the structuralist basic tenets is boundaries. Boundaries provide invisible demarcation between individual and sub systems, they determine the amount and kind of contract between family members (Becvar Becvar, 2003, p. 177). Boundaries can be, clearly defined, diffused or rigid. These classifications are dependent on the flexibility of the boundaries. Clearly defined boundaries are considered ideal as they promote independence and freedom for the individuals while providing support by the family. Diffused boundaries are too flexible and result in blurred lines of demarcation between subsystems. This leads to what Minuchin describes as enmeshment, conversely rigid and inflexible boundaries lead to isolation or disengagement (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2000). Another systematic family theorist was Bowen who posits his Family System theory. His theory is based on eight interlocking relationship concepts of differentiation of self, triangles, nuclear family emotional system, family project process, emotional cut off, multigenerational transmission process, sibling position and societal emotional process. Differentiation of self involves the ability to be emotionally separate from other family members and the ability to distinguish feeling processes from intellectual processes. The separation of feeling and intellectual process allows the individual to avoid displaying behaviour driven automatically by emotions (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2000.p. 172). Triangles are three person emotional units formed to diffuse or reduce emotional tension in an individual or their relationships. Dyads naturally exist within the family and function well in times of low stress and anxiety. A dyad is inherently unstable especially in times of anxiety and tension and so either party will seek to bring some one else in, which will change the dynamics of the interactions between the persons involved. The triangle is more stable and tolerant of stress than the dyad (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2000). The triangle is the smallest stable relationship unit in the family, which allows members to balance closeness and distances while experiencing the least amount of anxiety (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2000, p.174). The nuclear family emotional system is multigenerational as individual repeat the martial choices and other significant relationship patterns learnt from their family of origin (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2000, p.176) Family projection process occurs mainly in the father- mother- child triangle where parents transmit their low levels of differentiation on the most susceptible child (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2000). The level of projection is directly correlated to the levels of differentiation of the parents and the stress or anxiety the family experiences (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2000, p.178). This family projection process often results in Bowens fifth concept of emotional cut off. Emotional Cut off is the attempt by child or children who are the focus of the family projection process to create emotional distance between themselves and their family of origin (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2000). The multigenerational transmission process involves the transmission of specific levels of differentiation over several generations (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2000, p. 180). This transmission takes place largely through the nuclear family emotional system and the family projection process. The Sibling position concept resulted from Bowens expansion of Tomans research on sibling position. Toman (as cited in Goldenberg and Goldenberg, 2000) posit, some fixed personality characteristics are developed by children based on their birth order (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2000, p. 182). Bowen saw interactions patterns between spouses as a directly relation to their birth order in the family of origin as well their functional position. Societal Emotional Process looks at how emotional systems govern behaviour on a societal level, promoting both progressive and regressive periods in a society (Bowen Theory, n.d., para.1). Similar to the family in times of chronic stress (e.g. depletion of natural resources) society tends to react on an emotional level instead of on intellectual determined principles (Becvar Becvar, 1999). There are elements of both theories that I agree with based on my beliefs system. Bowens mutigenerational transmission process I believe helps to explain some of the interactions and patterns that are repeated across generations such as absentee fathers and teenage pregnancy. His concept of differential of self could hold some of answers to breaking some of these cycles. In that, if individuals within a family were to become more differentiated they would have a more developed sense of self, which should be reflected in a greater display of restraint, and better life choices based on intellectual reasoning. However, Bowen theory seems to be focused on the operations of the nuclear family while the structuralist theory can be more contextual applied to Jamaican society where the interaction of subsystems and boundaries within the family has resulted in family structures such as the single parent, blended, large and three generational. The importance placed on the family interactions and its resultant effect on the behaviour of its members purported by both theories is a belief that I also share. I believe that many of the problematic behaviour displayed by individuals are connected to the family of origin. I also support the emphasis placed by Minuchin on the spousal subsystem within the family structure. The failure of couples to properly maintain this subsystem while effectively negotiating and developing the parental subsystem leads to dysfunction, which sometimes results in the break down of the family. My family of origin was not nuclear therefore; I believe that the structuralist theory is more applicable. In accordance with the structuralist approach, my family consisted of the parent and sibling subsystem with diffused boundaries within the sub systems. The diffused boundaries resulted in enmeshment as the boundaries between the sibling and parental subsystems become blurred. The enmeshment was probably supported by the fact that our mother was a teenager mother. The children crossed from the sibling subsystem into the parental subsystem to assume some of the responsibilities to help our mother who was a single parent cope with the economic hardships of raring two children by herself. The boundaries became very diffused and authority and decision-making became shared more and more as we (the children) reached adolescence. The result was that by the time we got to early adulthood the roles were reversed and the parental role was largely assumed by the younger child in the family. The enmeshment resulted in the family being very emotional fused which resulted in emotional overdependence within the family. The level of enmeshment was particularly high between my mother and her younger child such that when the younger child married, mom saw it as betrayal. She felt abandoned and had a hard time adjusting to the change. The structuralist theory sees the therapist role as very active with the results of therapy been largely dependent on therapist who is the major instrument of change. The therapist joins and accommodates the family while assessing the structure to understand how they deal with problems and each other. The interactions of the therapist with the family are aimed at helping the individuals to focus on the behaviour of all the members and not just the identified patient. It also allows the members to see that change can be achieved through their interactions. The therapist uses techniques such as enactment (family members act out a scenario within the family) and then uses it for boundary marking (realigning boundaries), unbalancing (supporting one member in order to unbalance the family equilibrium) and reframing the problems as a function of the structure (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2000, p.216). The main aim is to understand the existing organization of the family and to reorganize the structure to bring about change in the interactions, roles and functioning of the family. Similarly, the family system theory sees the therapist role as being very important but for them the therapist needs to be more detached. According to Bowen, the therapist has to ensure that they were not triangulated with the family and are to see themselves more as coaches in the therapeutic process. The therapeutic process involves an assessment of the family history as well as a history of the presenting problem. Genograms are used to record family history over at least three generations to help the family understand the emotional processes in an intergenerational context. The therapist also uses process questions to assess the patterns of emotional functioning within the family. The aim of therapy is to help family members manage their anxiety, help to detriangulate where necessary and to increase differentiation of self. Techniques used in therapy such as process questions and I statements are aimed at helping members reduce their level of reactivity to teach others actions (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2000). System theory is also applicable to organizations and organization consultancy. Fuqua and Newman (as cited in Lowman 2002, p. 98) In system thinking organizations are thought of as dynamic whole systems which are comprised of subsystems that interact in complex, multidirectional and reciprocal inter-relationships. They identified four major organizational subsystems namely purposive, operational, methodological and psychosocial. The dynamics of an organization system is such that there is a constant inter play of influences between the organization structure, human behaviour and the extra organisational environment (Lowman, 2002). Consultant psychologist use system theory to understand, assess and develop interventions of organizational system with a view to maximize the quality of human life, which includes productivity (Lowman, 2002). In trying to accomplish these objectives the consultant helps people see the wholistic view of the organization through gaining an appreciation of the patterns of inter relationship within the organization. The consultant using the theory in assessing an organization and planning interventions will not focus on individual behaviour but will instead focus on the psychosocial subsystem, which represents the human or behavioral aspects of the organization (Lowman, 2002, p. 99). A systematic view of organization utilizes the principle of wholeness and mutli-causality. Wholeness focuses in the fact that the individual interactions product a whole that is greater than the individual components. Multi-causality implies that several actions can result in one outcome and one solution can cause multiple effects (Moe Perera-Diltz, 2009, p.29). These principles emphasize the fact that the consultant has use non-linear thinking while focusing on the organisational processes at work (Moe Perera-Diltz, 2009). Along with considering the interdependence of the system parts and the effects of actions on the system, the consultant has to determine the type of system. Systems can be either open or close, however most systems are considered inherently open. Open system are characterized by constant reciprocal interactions between extra-organisation factors and the organization system (Lowman, 2002, p. 89). An open system is therefore more receptive to change compared to a closed system where the focus is on maintenance of the status quo. The consultant understanding of the type of system helps to determine the planned approach to implementing change in the organizations (Moe Perera-Diltz, 2009). Additionally the consultant has to consider the level of participation in the change process that is achievable. Inclusion broadens ownership of the issues and the proposed changes while exclusion can motivate persons to resist change and create a sense of isolation (Lowman, 2002,). The use of systems theory by the counseling and consulting psychologist within the family and organization to bring about change in the quality of life of the affected individuals and the resultant social systems that they are a part of is very important. It emphasizes the importance of the whole and not the individual parts and how the dynamics and inter dependence of the parts affect the system.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Lessons in King Lear by William Shakespeare Essay -- King Lear Shakesp

Lessons in King Lear by William Shakespeare Satisfying, hopeful, and redemptive: some critics would say that these adjectives belong nowhere near a description of King Lear. One critic, Thomas Roche, even states that the play’s ending is â€Å"as bleak and unrewarding as man can reach outside the gates of hell† (164). Certainly, Roche’s pessimistic interpretation has merit; after all, Lear has seen nearly everyone he once cared for die before dying himself. Although this aspect of the play is true, agreeing with this negative view requires a person to believe that Lear learns nothing and that he suffers and dies in vain. Indeed, this is exactly what Roche believes when he states that at the play’s end, â€Å"Lear still cannot tell good from evil . . . or true from false† (164). This nihilistic approach, however, not only disregards many of the play’s moments of philosophical insight, but it also completely misinterprets Shakespeare’s intent. That is not to say that Lear is without fault at the end of the play; as Shakespeare surely understood, Lear is still human, and as such, he is subject to human frailty. What is most important about Lear, however, is not that he dies a flawed man but that he dies an improved man. Therefore, although King Lear might first appear â€Å"bleak,† Shakespeare suggests that Lear’s life, and human life in general, is worth all of its misery because it is often through suffering that people gain knowledge about the true nature of their individual selves and about the nature of all humanity (Roche 164). From the very beginning of the play, Shakespeare suggests that King Lear has much to learn. As Maynard Mack explains in his essay â€Å"Action and World in King Lear,† the reader/audience is immediate... ...retations of King Lear. Ed. Janet Adelman. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1978. 22-33. Jorgensen, Paul A. Lear’s Self-Discovery. Berkeley: 1967. Kott, Jan. â€Å"King Lear or Endgame† Shakespeare: Our Contemporary. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1974. 127-168. Mack, Maynard. â€Å"Action and World in Shakespeare.† Shakespeare’s Middle Tragedies. Ed. David Young. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1993. 169-184. Roche, Thomas P. â€Å"‘Nothing Almost Sees Miracles’: Tragic Knowledge in King Lear.† Critical Essays on Shakespeare’s King Lear. Ed. Jay Halio. New York: G.K. Hall & Co., 1996. 149-169. Shakespeare, William. King Lear. Ed. Russell Fraser. The Signet Classic Shakespeare. Sylvan Barnet, gen ed. 2nd rev. ed. New York: Signet, 1998. ---. Othello. Ed. Alvin Kernan. The Signet Classic Shakespeare. Sylvan Barnet, gen ed. 2nd rev. ed. New York, Signet, 1998.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Human Rights Violation of Biharis in Bangladesh Essay

Statement of the problem : Bangladesh is an impoverished country of over 160 million people. In its short history as an independent nation, Bangladesh has faced a major civil war, massive internal displacement, famines and frequent natural disasters. In addition, Bangladesh is hosting over 500,000 Biharis and in recent years it recognized the nationality rights of large numbers of Urdu-speaking minority. About half a million Urdu speaking people known as in Bangladesh as ‘Bihari’ or ‘Stranded Pakistanis’ currently live in 66 camps spread all over the country. They have become a marginally displaced community since 1971. The creation of Bangladesh in 1971 put these people in a stateless situation. Although they are residing in â€Å"refugee camps,† the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) does not recognize them as refugees. Therefore, they are deprived of the benefits and opportunities extended to the refugees by the UNHCR. As a consequence, the stranded Biharis in Bangladesh face multiple problems. Despite this recent progress, however, 37 years of non-recognition have left the Biharis living in abject poverty and vulnerable to discrimination. Human rights violation of stranded Biharis in our country is common scenery. These people are in the museum of exploitation. The Bihari camps are mainly in urban areas and are beset by severe overcrowding, poor sanitation and lack of basic facilities. The slum like conditions in these settlements have worsened over the years as the population has grown. With inadequate provision for clean water, waste disposal and sewage systems, they are chronic hygiene problems. Camp residents face discrimination in the job market and a severe lack of education and health- care facilities hampers community development. Read more:  Essay About Bangladesh Liberation War Discrimination and poverty are the key elements that lead to anti social activities They are still denied access to a Bangladeshi passport. No NGOs or UN agencies have taken the initiative to collect comprehensive baseline data from which to develop both short- and long term programmes for the social and economic rehabilitation of this community. In spite of getting citizenship document no changes have been made in the everyday life of camps as well as strategy and the policy of the government seems to be unchanged. What does it mean; are Biharis non citizens in the process of Digital Bangladesh that their national ID card and citizenship documents are not enough to prove them citizen? As a conscious citizen of Bangladesh and also as a student of Peace and Conflict Studies Department, I am very much interested in this field for doing a fruitful research. Because, I think at present time, this stranded Biharis is a great national concerning issue. If they remain marginal for a long time, our national security might be hampered and they can pose a serious threat to our socio- economic development. So in my research, I would like to focus that their current situation must be improved through the various initiatives of state Government, NGOs and other International Organizations. 1.1 Background of the Study: The case of the Biharis in Bangladesh is different from other cases of denial of citizenship because the government considered them as a foreign group of individuals that ought to return to Pakistan. In fact Biharis never resided in Pakistan, but originally entered East Pakistan as refugees fleeing India at the time of its accession to independence. Their movement to East Pakistan was due to a desire to escape from communal bloodshed and â€Å"to preserve their Islamic way of life†. They also saw Hijrat (migration) as an escape from the possibility of living in a Hindu majority India. Actually, the history of the Bihari goes back to the partition of India in 1947. During the period of united Pakistan (1947-1971), the Urdu-speaking Biharis were not incorporated with in the society of East Pakistan and remained as a distinct cultural-linguistic group. They generally associated and identified themselves with the West Pakistani society because of their cultural similarity and shared linguistic heritage. They supported the West Pakistani governing leaders in the process of capturing the economic and political power in East Pakistan. The Biharis consequently, enjoyed government patronage and preferential treatment in various sectors of the East Pakistan economy. Initially the arrival of Biharis and the positive discrimination of the Pakistan Government in terms of refugee rehabilitation were not resented by the Bengalis. But, the positive attitude of the Bengalis towards the Biharis was short-lived. During the Language Movement, the Biharis instead of supporting the Bengalis sided with the West Pakistani ruling elite. Further, in the 1954 provincial elections and in the 1970 general elections, they extended their support to the Muslim League, which symbolized the domination of the West Pakistanis over the Bengalis. They also opposed the Bengalis’ freedom struggle and many of them actively participated in the military actions against the Bengalis in the 1971 Bangladesh Independence War. The exclusive attitude of the Biharis and their pro-West Pakistani political activities culminated with the growth of an anti-Bihari sentiment among the Bengalis.The Bihari community never assimilated with the local people and maintained alliance with the West Pakistani regime against the interest of the Bengali people. When Bangladesh finally achieved independence, Bihari people wanted to go to West Pakistan, but could not do so immediately due to complication in repatriation process. This situation left them stranded in Bangladesh. They were promised of repatriation to Pakistan, but this promise was never fully materialized. After the war, thousands of Biharis were willingly deported to Pakistan. The 300,000 who remained in Bangladesh moved into refugee camps set up by the International Red Cross, awaiting flights to Pakistan that never came because of diplomatic wrangling. Today 40 years later the stranded Biharis and their descendents are still living in these camps. In 2008, a Supreme Court decision recognized their nationality rights. A large percentage of the adults were registered to vote in the 2009 election. But after decades of isolation and discrimination, they are still out from the fundamental rights for which they have been passing their days under sub-human condition in 66 shelter camps in the country. There we see that 94% are illiterate, almost double the national rate. Despite being registered as voters and recognized as citizens, many Urdu speakers still are also unable to obtain government jobs, access credit, get passports or obtain compensation for their property confiscated during the war. They do not have freedom of movement. 1.2 Rationale of the Research: Study of human rights is considered as one of the interesting and important courses of our Department of Peace and Conflict Studies. On the other hand, various social problems are main discussed phenomena for social researchers. In the context, the inhuman situation of Bihari people which they are experiencing in their daily lives is a matter of serious concern. There is very little research findings on this field. Some NGOs and individuals have worked on this topic; such as BRAC, RMMRU (Refugee and Migratory Movements Research Unit) etc but it is very poor comparing the importance and intensity of the problems they face. So I believe that my research on this issue will be able to add a holistic and incomparable introduction in the research field. In this regard, I think it is very much important and rationale to identify the root cause, and find solution to their problems of human rights violation. 1.3 Objective of the Study: The main and broader objective of the study is * To depict the human rights situation of the stranded Biharis and find out the root causes of various problems faced by them. Other Objectives: * To present a realistic solution of the problem regarding both Government and non-Government initiatives and also Biharis’ opinion on solution to their problem. So this paper tries to explore the socio-economic condition of the Bihari people, the problems they are facing now and their opinion about their resentments. 1.4 Research Question: The questions of the study are: * What are the rights, Biharis are yet to get as human being? * What types of human rights violation they face? * What initiatives are taken by national and international community for the better improvement of their miserable condition 1.5 Study Area: Biharis are a minority community who live in 66 camps in different districts of Bangladesh. All these camps are located in the urban areas. Bihari people are Muslims. Maximum Bihari live together at Geneva Camp, Mohammadpur in Dhaka. In Bangladesh Geneva Camp is the biggest place for them. For my study I have chosen Mohammedpur Geneva Camp which is located within Dhaka City Corporation Ward No. 45 in Dhaka city for data collection. I have visited the Geneva Camp to collect data from the residence in that camp. There are nine blocks in Geneva camp, which are alphabetically named. The camp is divided into two parts. Block A and B are located in one part and from block C to block I are in second part. The largest block is â€Å"C† and the smallest is â€Å"I†. I have visited almost every block for the collection of data and also visited the SPGRC office, the school named shurovi and the al-Falah Clinic. 1.6 Operational Definition of the Study : Bihari: Bihari, originally a Hindi word, literally means a person belonging to the Indian State of Bihar. In Bangladesh, ‘Bihari’ is a word usually considerd offensive for a non-local, speaking Urdu. Biharis did not come from the Indian State of Bihar alone. They came from other parts of India as well, and were largely distinguishable by their life-style that bound these people from their former homelands into an identifiable minority group with the commonly spoken and understood language of Urdu. In today’s Bangladesh, Biharis are the descendents of those optees and emigrants, who came to East Bengal after the great divide of India in 1947, many government employees under the British administration, were deputed to places in East Bengal. Among them, a large number of people came from the province of Bihar to serve in the railways, in the police, judiciaries and other civil departments (Ilias, Ahmed; 2003). The International Convention on Biharis held in Geneva in 1982 referred to them as non-Bangladeshi or stranded Pakistanis. The â€Å"Bihari† are such people who opposed the independence of Bangladesh, wanted to go to Pakistan but could not do so due to complication in the repatriation process. (Farzana, 2008). Stranded Pakistani: This title was given to the Urdu-speaking community after Bangladesh’s War of Independence in 1971. During the War, many members of this community sided with West Pakistan, and after losing the War they opted for repatriation to what is currently known as Pakistan rather than staying in the newly formed nation of Bangladesh, former East Pakistan. While waiting for repatriation, they were interned in camps. Many never made it to Pakistan, however, and were stranded in the camps. As a result, those who were left behind were labeled as â€Å"Stranded Pakistanis†. Human Rights: By Human rights, we mean a basic freedom and dignity that every person is entitled to. This entitlement is derived simply from the person’s status as a human being. Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled, often held to include the right to life and liberty, freedom of thought and expression, and equality before the law. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) gives recognition to the inherent dignity and to the equal and inalienable rights of every human. The 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees elaborates on Article 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which provides that â€Å"Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.† The Convention was the first in a series of treaties which turned the ideals of the Declaration into legally binding obligations. The language of the Convention is clear and compelling, defining a refugee as someone with a ‘well founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.† Refugee: The term ‘refugee’ is a term of art, that is, a term with a continent verifiable according to principles of general international law. In the legal sense, the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951, whose scope of applicability was extended by the Protocol Relating to the status of Refugees, 1967, is the most important document on the definition of Refugee. According to Article 1 (a) (2) of the Convention, the term ‘refugee’ shall apply to any person who, owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, Such refugees are usually mentioned as convention refugees (Malik, Tuhin, 1998). According to the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951, and Statute of the Office of the UNHCR 1950 a person shall cease to be a refugee if; 1) He has voluntarily re-availed himself of the protection of the country of his nationality; 2) Having lost his nationality he has voluntarily re0acquired it; 3) He has acquired a new nationality, and enjoys the protection of the country of his new nationality; 4) He has voluntarily re-established himself in the country which he left or outside which he remained owing to fear of persecution. 5) He can no longer, because the circumstances in connection with which he has been recognized as a refugee have ceased to exist, continue to refuse to avail himself of the protection of the country of his nationality. The case of the Biharis comes under clause (III), for firstly many of them migrated to East Pakistan in 1947 using their option for Pakistan and secondly they were full-fledged citizens of Pakistan after 1951; But the UNHCR doesn`t recognize them as refugee. Therefore, they were deprived of the benefits and opportunities extended to the refugees by the UNHCR. As a consequence, the stranded Biharis in Bangladesh faced multiple problems. Geneva Camp: After the partition of India and Pakistan the Indian Muslims were entering into Pakistan. Some went to West Pakistan and some went to East Pakistan (Bangladesh). Then about 8 million refugees came here from India and Bihari were 2 million in number. After the liberation war of 1971 they lost their houses. On 10 March, 1971 the father of the nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman said addressing to nation, â€Å"Non-Bengali who live in Bangladesh are the son of this soil. Our supreme responsibility is to save the life and the property of all citizens whether he is Bengali or Non-Bengali.† The act of January1, 1972 by the government order no.1 and the act of February 28, 1972 made extreme damage to them. They become helpless and shelter less. At that time International Committee for Red Cross (ICRC) came forward and made several camps in different places and brought them in camps for their safety. With this perspective the ICRC s the biggest camp ‘New Geneva Colony’ locally known as ‘Geneva Camp’ was formed at Mohammadpur in Dhaka. Since then a new movement of Bihari’s life starts without having fundamentals rights. The house given to each family by Red Cross was only 8 feet in wide and 8 feet in length. More than 25000 people started living in just only 44000 square feet area. Human Security: According to UNDP (1994) report, there are seven specific values of human security, such as economic, food, health, environmental, personal, community, and political security. Economic security refers to an individual’s enjoyment of a basic income, either through gainful employment or from a social safety net. Food security refers to an individual’s access to food via his or her assets, employment, or income. Health security refers to an individual’s freedom from various diseases and debilitating illnesses and his or her access to health care. Environmental security refers to the integrity of land, air, and water, which make human habitation possible. Personal security refers to an individual’s freedom from crime and violence, especially women and children who are more vulnerable. Community security refers to cultural dignity and to inter-community peace within which an individual lives and grows. Finally, political security refers to protection against human rights violations. The Bihari community in Bangladesh is deprived of all the above-mentioned seven specific values. 1.7 Limitations of the Study : As this research is a part of academic course so the sample size was small. Therefore, generalization of the findings is not logical. The research is confined only to Geneva Camp due to financial and time constraints. Better information can be achieved if the research could be conducted in other camps too. Due to internal clashes in these camps, the investigators may encounter some difficulties while interviewing. Non cooperation from the respondents was another problem that the researcher had to suffer most during the period of data collection. I was not behaved cordially and cooperation was not offered from the respondents as they were tired of answering such types of interviews on several occasions. Hearing the fact that the study will solely meet up the academic purposes, they were much unwilling to respondent deliberately.

Friday, November 8, 2019

100 Exquisite Adjectives

100 Exquisite Adjectives 100 Exquisite Adjectives 100 Exquisite Adjectives By Mark Nichol Adjectives descriptive words that modify nouns often come under fire for their cluttering quality, but often it’s quality, not quantity, that is the issue. Plenty of tired adjectives are available to spoil a good sentence, but when you find just the right word for the job, enrichment ensues. Practice precision when you select words. Here’s a list of adjectives: Adamant: unyielding; a very hard substance Adroit: clever, resourceful Amatory: sexual Animistic: quality of recurrence or reversion to earlier form Antic: clownish, frolicsome Arcadian: serene Baleful: deadly, foreboding Bellicose: quarrelsome (its synonym belligerent can also be a noun) Bilious: unpleasant, peevish Boorish: crude, insensitive Calamitous: disastrous Caustic: corrosive, sarcastic; a corrosive substance Cerulean: sky blue Comely: attractive Concomitant: accompanying Contumacious: rebellious Corpulent: obese Crapulous: immoderate in appetite Defamatory: maliciously misrepresenting Didactic: conveying information or moral instruction Dilatory: causing delay, tardy Dowdy: shabby, old-fashioned; an unkempt woman Efficacious: producing a desired effect Effulgent: brilliantly radiant Egregious: conspicuous, flagrant Endemic: prevalent, native, peculiar to an area Equanimous: even, balanced Execrable: wretched, detestable Fastidious: meticulous, overly delicate Feckless: weak, irresponsible Fecund: prolific, inventive Friable: brittle Fulsome: abundant, overdone, effusive Garrulous: wordy, talkative Guileless: naive Gustatory: having to do with taste or eating Heuristic: learning through trial-and-error or problem solving Histrionic: affected, theatrical Hubristic: proud, excessively self-confident Incendiary: inflammatory, spontaneously combustible, hot Insidious: subtle, seductive, treacherous Insolent: impudent, contemptuous Intransigent: uncompromising Inveterate: habitual, persistent Invidious: resentful, envious, obnoxious Irksome: annoying Jejune: dull, puerile Jocular: jesting, playful Judicious: discreet Lachrymose: tearful Limpid: simple, transparent, serene Loquacious: talkative Luminous: clear, shining Mannered: artificial, stilted Mendacious: deceptive Meretricious: whorish, superficially appealing, pretentious Minatory: menacing Mordant: biting, incisive, pungent Munificent: lavish, generous Nefarious: wicked Noxious: harmful, corrupting Obtuse: blunt, stupid Parsimonious: frugal, restrained Pendulous: suspended, indecisive Pernicious: injurious, deadly Pervasive: widespread Petulant: rude, ill humored Platitudinous: resembling or full of dull or banal comments Precipitate: steep, speedy Propitious: auspicious, advantageous, benevolent Puckish: impish Querulous: cranky, whining Quiescent: inactive, untroublesome Rebarbative: irritating, repellent Recalcitrant: resistant, obstinate Redolent: aromatic, evocative Rhadamanthine: harshly strict Risible: laughable Ruminative: contemplative Sagacious: wise, discerning Salubrious: healthful Sartorial: relating to attire, especially tailored fashions Sclerotic: hardening Serpentine: snake-like, winding, tempting or wily Spasmodic: having to do with or resembling a spasm, excitable, intermittent Strident: harsh, discordant; obtrusively loud Taciturn: closemouthed, reticent Tenacious: persistent, cohesive, Tremulous: nervous, trembling, timid, sensitive Trenchant: sharp, penetrating, distinct Turbulent: restless, tempestuous Turgid: swollen, pompous Ubiquitous: pervasive, widespread Uxorious: inordinately affectionate or compliant with a wife Verdant: green, unripe Voluble: glib, given to speaking Voracious: ravenous, insatiable Wheedling: flattering Withering: devastating Zealous: eager, devoted Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Punctuate References to Dates and Times"Confused With" and "Confused About"Quiet or Quite?

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Free sample - Case P3 DB. translation missing

Case P3 DB. Case P3 DBAn individual retirement arrangement is a conviction that has been set up to collect retirement aid from individuals.   The agreement may take the structure of an individual retirement arrangement or individual retirement annuity. The amount of funds that may be contributed to the IRA is restricted. These amounts that are earned in the individual retirement arrangements are never levied up to the time when they are withdrawn. The individual retirement accounts are of two types which provide an advantage as one saves for retirement. They both have the same annual contribution limits, catch up provisions if one is 50 and above and withdrawal requirements. One opens an individual retirement account which is self directed with a financial service organization such as a bank. There are several types of IRAs that range from conventional IRAs, Roth IRAs, easy IRAs and SEP IRAs. Conventional IRAs and Roth IRAs are set up by individuals who are given the chance to give 100 percent of reward up to a set out maximum dollar amount. Contributions to the traditional IRAs may be taxable depending on the tax payer`s income. Roth IRAs are not taxable. SEPs and SIMPLE IRAs are planned by employers. The Roth IRA is the best because it is not taxable and contributions are completed with after tax money. It allows for annual contribution to a retirement account. A tax free withdrawal of up to $10,000 is allowed for a first time home purchase as long as the holding five year minimum period is met.   Withdrawal of interest are taxable and are subject to a ten percent penalty unless it is withdrawn due to death, disability, purchase of a first home, higher education and medical expenses in excess of 7.5 percent gross income or health insurance premiums. Distributions before 59  ½ of age are not taxable only applying to contributions.   Reference Thomas, A.K. (2004). Fairmark Guide to the Roth IRA: Retirement Planning in Plain Language. Lisle: Fairmark Press Inc.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Short Academic Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Short Academic Report - Essay Example In the present case study, a food processing organisation is undergoing change. The major objective of the change is to enhance the overall efficiency level of employees working in the organisation. The report will analyse the current and anticipated problems and provide solutions for an effective change management process. Introduction The process of transforming an enterprise or a business into the next advanced phase of operation from the current functional phase is known as organization change (Harigopal, 2006). It involves various changes. These can be a change in the overall processes of the firm, company ownership, and transfer of teams and employees and modification or up gradation of the functional practices. Thus, the task of implementing change, especially in case of organizational transformation can be very difficult and cumbersome. Solutions Answer 1 In the present case, the organization is going through a change. The non-salaried employees will undergo change in order t o upgrade their skills and work knowledge. This will require exhaustive training sessions, workshops and pressure among the employees as well as employer. Naturally, there will be barriers to change. During change in a workplace, various types of barriers to change occur. Few of the barriers or obstacles at workplace change, which can occur, can be categorized into organizational and individual barriers, explained below; No involvement of company employees in workplace change management In order to successfully complete the process of workplace change, the management will have to look what employees think of the process. One of the major and serious barriers to organizational change occurs when employees are not involved in the change process. Unclear procedures and processes regarding goals Before implementation of any workplace change, the goals and objective of these changes should be clear in the mind of the top management. The procedures and processes should be clearly defined and proper documentation is required for any references in future. It has been seen that in most of the cases, the management is not aware for the exact objective of workplace change (Beer, M. and Nohria, N., 2000). Since these workplace change order comes from headquarters or another location, these are merely followed as orders without giving sufficient attention to the minute details and criticality of the process. Unclear procedures and processes can also be one of the primary barriers. Inefficient leadership strategies Ineffective and inefficient leadership is another barrier to successful workplace change. In order to manage and implement the change, effective leadership is extremely important for the company as well as its employees (Chen et al., 2013). In the present case it was found out that there was resistance to change even from few of the managers and executives. This has occurred as many of the managers thought that employees undergoing training and development progra ms might take up their positions in future. Increase in competition and loss of power and authority were other reasons expected to increase resistance among managers. Ineffective employee communication Any kind of workplace change should be properly communicated with the employees. Advance notification of workplace change helps the employees to make up their mind and be more acceptable to change. Ineffective

Friday, November 1, 2019

Matrix Factorization Techniques for Recommendation Systems (Netflix Research Paper

Matrix Factorization Techniques for Recommendation Systems (Netflix Prize) - Research Paper Example We will also describe an incremental variant of the MF that effectively undertakes new users and rating that is fundamental within the real life recommender system. A hybrid MF-neighbor based method is further discussed in regard to advancing the prevailing performance of the MF. The proposed methods are mainly examined on the Netflix Prize dataset and mainly depict that they can be accomplish very favorable Quiz RMSE, which is the best sole method :0.8904, combination: 0.8841 and corresponding running time. The Netflix Prize competition of 2006 showed that the Matrix Factorization techniques are greater to archetypal closest-neighbour techniques in the production of product recommendations and lets the inclusion of extra material like inherent feedbacks, self-assurance levels and chronological effects. There are floods of choices for contemporary consumers. Electronic dealers and content suppliers offer a vast choice of products with exceptional openings to meet a range of distinct needs and preferences. As a trend observed of late, more retailers have had an exponential positive change in interest to many purchasers with the most fitting products which is vital in the enhancement of user content and loyalty. In so doing, it evaluates trends of customer interests to offer rather custom-made recommendations which are in accordance to customer preference (Ricci, 124-198). Netflix, an e-commerce leader has recommender structures as prominent fragments of its website that are observantly b eneficial for music, movies and TV shows. Quite a huge number of users will check a similar movie while each and every one of the users views various dissimilar movies. These users have shown the will to indicate their satisfaction levels with specific movies and thus a massive volume of data is available about what particular movies charm which users. Various known corporations analyze the available information to provide a recommendation on movies particular to

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Goals and Commitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Goals and Commitment - Essay Example I would plan my studies by highlighting different topics covered in class and setting time-bound deadlines within which I would revise the work. This enabled me to finish revising all the courses in good time. Another way was that I set to improve my grades after every exam. I was supposed to add at least five points per subject. The goal was measurable and I managed to evaluate my progress and improve my academics. Writing out help you to be committed to a task since you can always evaluate if you are working towards completing the task. Moreover, you are able to identify areas you could be having problems and seek help. In order to achieve a goal, it is important to be committed. There are different ways of showing commitment and a signature is used as a symbol to show your commitment to a goal or task. It is a pledge and a commitment to oneself and shows your strong dedication to achieve a goal.

Monday, October 28, 2019

The Presentation Of Childhood In Adult Literature Essay Example for Free

The Presentation Of Childhood In Adult Literature Essay The childs inability to interpret the adult world is often central to the presentation of childhood in adult literature. Compare the presentation of childhood in Spies and Atonement, considering to what extent you feel this comment is applicable to these texts. As is frequently the case with novels written for adults with children as the main protagonists, the presentation of childhood emphasises the innocence of those at a young and often tender age. When the real world is like a dream, everyday activities are play and adults are a separate species with baffling social conventions, a child will often try to understand grown up aspects of life, but will make genuine misunderstandings instead. Many writers look back on their youth with fondness and use these misunderstandings for either comic intent, such as in Frayns Spies, or for life-altering tragedy in McEwans Atonement. In these two novels, as well as the prominence of childhood and memories being recalled as an adult, there is also the historical context to be considered in how this affects the presentation of childhood. Both novels are set during the Second World War. Life in Britain in the 1930s and 40s was an era of transition for society, during which the rise of the urban working class had led to significant changes in politics. Because of the war and the sudden absence of huge amounts of the populations men, families as units were changing more women were working at the same time as being mothers. However, the class system still held a firm grip on society, with every individual aware of their own status. It dictated what they would achieve or become, if anything, in life. This is shown in Spies as Stephen feels inferior to his friend Keith. He is aware he comes from a less well off milieu and goes to a different school. In Atonement Robbie Turner suffers all his life from the discrimination that comes with being working class and the son of the Tallises cleaning lady. In Spies, the character of Stephen is portrayed sympathetically, but not always sentimentally, by his older self. Humour is used frequently to invite the reader to laugh at Stephens inadequacies or false conclusions. But with the distance created by the maturity of the narrator, Stephens childhood troubles and traumas can be viewed with a sense of perspective. In the first paragraph of the novel, the narrator says, Im a child again and everythings before me all the frightening, half understood promise of life. Stephen is constantly fearful and held back by his crippling inability to be brave. He has a fight or flight mentality, twinned with a habit of avoidance. This is demonstrated by his childish habit of physically shutting his eyes when in a dangerous or tense situation, vainly trying to escape. Another aspect of his extreme anxiety is his terror of germs everything about them (the children in the Lanes) is plainly laden with germs and his understandable fear of Mr Hayward. The narrator relates Stephens feelings honestly and does not hold back embarrassing details his being teased by his classmates, or his crawling into his parents bed after a nightmare. As a child passing into adolescence, there develops an emerging sexuality with the influence of Barbara and awareness of his own mortality and vulnerability, but he still has irrational thoughts and feelings that as an adult he does not find so all-consuming any more: The imagination ages, like everything else. The intensity fades. You dont get as afraid as you used to Chapter 11, p232. Barbaras character symbolised by her blue bobble purse, both intrigues and unsettles Stephen. This is shown in Chapter 5 when she intrudes into the hideout in the bushes, smiling her big mocking smile, making herself entirely at home. p96. Stephen is outraged by her very presence and goes off on a ranting description Theres something girlishly self-satisfied about the bobbliness of the leather and the shininess of the popper that offends me almost as much as her intrusion. Unable to process his real feelings, he blames objects for his bad moods. He rejects anything feminine, which is a classic trait for young boys unable to understand girlhood. The naivety of childhood is captured in Spies because there are so many misunderstandings on Stephen and Keiths part about what is really going on in the Close and who is potentially a spy. The narrator frequently asks rhetorical questions about how much the child knew, and whether he should have noticed any inconsistencies in the stories he actively believed at the time. Atonement is similar to Spies in that it has a child protagonist, the precocious and intelligent Briony, but she is in contrast to the introverted and paranoid Stephen. Both Briony and Stephen make assumptions about the adults around them. The narrative structure of Atonement is different to Spies in that it has the added post-modern twist of a narrator who takes a writers liberty to change what really happened. While Spies concerns only one small world of Stephen, Brionys older self writes about the wider world, with the part two concerning Robbie in occupied France. It could be said that while Atonement is a grand panorama, Spies is a claustrophobic, brooding miniature (Geraldine Brooks, Slate.com.). However, it is difficult to completely agree with this view in light of Spies. As it is still primarily concerned with documenting life during the war, the definition of the wider world become looser and all points of view, whether from an overseas soldier or a sheltered child, could be considered valid and important. Childhood in Atonement is centred on the one crucial misunderstanding that Briony makes, and that causes tragedy to reverberate in the ruined lives of Cecilia and Robbie. Because of her inability to understand that Robbies interest in Cecilia is perfectly normal as an adult, she then has a fantasy that he is a sex maniac due to the shocking letter, and she is not capable of seeing her older sister as a willing participant in the library. As events in the house snowball and she interprets cousin Lolas silence for confirmation of her suspicions of Robbie, she is more than happy to be useful and give the statement to the police that condemns him. Later in her life she realises her mistake and gains humility, trying to atone for what she had done. But Briony is perhaps not the only one to be blamed, for in Cecilias letter to Robbie in part two her perspective shifts culpability from Brionys mischief more to the inattentive, uninsightful adults: They chose to believe the evidence of a silly, hysterical little girl. In fact, they encouraged her by giving her no room to turn back. She was a young thirteen, I know. Also significant in the presentation of childhood in Atonement is the gulf between the adults and the children. On pondering her interruption of the library, Briony realises that Robbie must hate her. She describes it as another entry, another first: to be hated by an adultChildren hated generously, capriciously. It hardly mattered. But to be the object of adult hatred was an initiation into a solemn new world. It was promotion. Briony longs to be more grown up and thinks that she has knowledge of the adult world. But her excited girlishness and tendency to over exaggerate prevents her from ever being convincing. Briony teeters at the brink of adolescence, just as Lola longed to throw off the last restrains of childhood. In reading Atonement we see the child of 1935 the scene of the crime through the eyes and pen of the adult of the 1999 coda. At the beginning of chapter 13 it says with the insight and irony of the adult, Within half an hour Briony would commit her crime. The novel includes aspects of the coming of age genre, or Bildungsroman. The story of Brionys individual growth and development takes place in the context of wartime and the certain kind of romanticism that often comes with stories of WW2 childhood (the mixture of awareness and innocence, with the innocence being corrupted by the war and devastation going on around them). If the childs inability to interpret the adults around them is central to the presentation of childhood in adult novels, then it is realistic to say that both Spies and Atonement use the full resources of an adult mentality remembering her/himself. They are both adult narrative voices reflecting atmosphere of innocence oppressed by knowledge. Stephen and Briony are too young to process the adult world, so they have their own interpretations, and these lead to consequences that affect the outcome of the stories. Bibliography Spies, Michael Frayn, 2002 Faber and Faber Atonement, Ian McEwan, 2002 Vintage Spies York Notes Advanced by Anne Rooney, 2007 Atonement- Text Guide by Robert Swan, Philip Allan Updates 2006 Brionys Stand Against Oblivion: Ian McEwans Atonement by Brian Finney, 2002 http://www.csulb.edu/~bhfinney/mcewan.html

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Essay --

The bestselling novel To Kill a Mockingbird, written by Harper Lee is about a racist southern community in Maycomb, Alabama in the 1930s. At that time, southern states were still racially segregated. Harper Lee constructs her book by teaching all her readers about human standards. By presenting the good and bad in people. A major theme of this novel is the humankind’s inhumanity toward the humankind. One character that is treated terribly was Boo Radley. Boo Radley is a very obscure character in To Kill a Mockingbird. Not only does the whole community treat him terrible, so does his whole family. Boo Radley’s father is the number one victim to treat Boo Radley terrible. Boo was going to be locked in jail for some trouble he got in when he was a teenager. Boo’s father wanted the punishment in his hands and locked Boo into the house till he was an adult. Boo’s father thinks of Boo as a disgrace to their family. Boo stabbed his father in the leg with scissors with all his hatred in him. Boo’s father was always a very cruel man. Another character that treated Boo terrible is his brother, Nathan Radley. Boo always communicates with the children, Jem and Scout, by the knothole of a tree. Nathan noticed that Boo was giving the children gifts, so he filled the knothole of the tree with cement. Boo has never communicated with anyone for almost 15 years, and Nathan prevented Boo’s chance to ever talk to someone and be friends with. Boo was treated terribly by the children also. The children thought Boo was a scary person. Every time they came to a path where Boo was located they would always be frightened by the rumors they heard about him. \:Boo was about six-and-a-half feet tall, judging from his tracks; he dined on raw squirrels ... ...ayella’s father sees Tom, Mayella insists that Tom raped her. She did a horrible thing and blamed Tom. Tom did all her chores for free of charge, and Mayella ruined his life by blaming Tom for something he did not do. Mrs. Merriweather is part of a missionary circle. It’s a group of Christian women who are determined to help people suffering poor countries. They complain about her black servants, that they don’t work hard or deserve their pay. They only pay little amount to their servants. They do not perform their Christian attitude toward other people. This makes them an hypocrite because they make people believe that they are perfect Christians. Harper Lee teaches her readers something. It demonstrated the good and bad in people. She shows the readers how racist people could be so cruel. This novel showed how humankind’s inhumanity toward the humankinds.